11 results
Effect of Nitrogen on the Glyphosate-Induced Inhibition of Rhizome Bud Growth in Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens)
- James H. Hunter, Andrew I. Hsiao, Gordon I. Mcintyre
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 41 / Issue 3 / September 1993
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 426-433
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In experiments conducted under controlled conditions, glyphosate-induced inhibition of rhizome bud growth in quackgrass was reduced by increasing the nitrogen (N) concentration in the nutrient solution from 10.5 to 210 mg L−1 either 2 or 4 d before foliar application of the herbicide, and for 7 d after the herbicide treatment. The additional N reduced the glyphosate-induced inhibition of rhizome growth on the intact plant at the lowest glyphosate dosage (2.8 μg per plant) but had no significant effect at higher dosages. Both the 2- and 4-d high N treatments significantly increased the length, dry weight, and water content of the lateral buds by the time the herbicide was applied. They also increased bud growth on the glyphosate-treated plants during the 7 d following the herbicide application and promoted release of the buds from inhibition during a subsequent bioassay of their regenerative growth on excised, single-node rhizome segments. These effects of N supply interacted significantly with glyphosate dosage, bud position on the rhizome, and duration of incubation. It is postulated that bud growth response to increased N supply may reduce the inhibiting effect of the herbicide by diluting the glyphosate concentration in the bud, or that the additional N may counteract the toxic action of glyphosate on amino acid metabolism or protein synthesis.
Control of Persian Darnel (Lolium persicum) and Other Grasses with Clethodim
- James H. Hunter
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- Journal:
- Weed Technology / Volume 9 / Issue 3 / September 1995
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 432-439
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The response of Persian darnel, green foxtail, wild oat, and volunteer cereals to clethodim applied at two growth stages, and the effect of these treatments on flax yield and quality were determined in a series of field experiments in which each weed species was evaluated separately. Clethodim applied at 45 g/ha provided excellent control of Persian darnel, green foxtail, wild oat, and volunteer wheat and barley. Sethoxydim applied at 150 g/ha provided excellent control of Persian darnel, green foxtail, wild oat, and volunteer barley. Rax was tolerant at five times the recommended rate of application and was unaffected by plant growth stage at time of application. When applied at an early (2- to 3-leaf) stage, control of Persian darnel, green foxtail, wild oat, and volunteer wheat and barley was excellent at 20 g/ha. Except for Persian darnel, weed control as determined by reduction in plant dry weight, was negatively affected by growth stage at time of application. Although visible control and reduction in plant dry weight were somewhat less when clethodim was applied at the 4-to 5-leaf stage, control of each weed species was acceptable. When weight of water in plant tissue (fresh weight – dry weight) was used as a measure of living plant tissue, wild oat and volunteer barley control were unaffected by growth stage at time of application.
Effect of Bud vs Rosette Growth Stage on Translocation of 14C-Glyphosate in Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
- James H. Hunter
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 43 / Issue 3 / September 1995
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 347-351
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The effect of photoperiod and growth stage on translocation of 14C-glyphosate was compared in Canada thistle plants at the bud and rosette stage of growth. Canada thistle plants grown under controlled environment conditions with a 10 h photoperiod remained as low growing rosettes and developed a mature root system. When the photoperiod for half of these plants was increased to 16 h, stem elongation occurred and flowering was initiated. Growth stage at the time of application affected the distribution of 14C-glyphosate within the elongated shoot and between the shoot and root. The shoot tissue of the bud stage plants contained 25.9% of the 14C-glyphosate recovered, while the rosette plants contained only 3.6%; a seven-fold difference. 14C-glyphosate was applied to leaves 19 and 20, which corresponded to the mid-point of the elongated stem of the bud-stage plants. In the bud-stage plants, 14C-glyphosate moved preferentially into the apical portion of the stem, with three to four times as much in the apical portion of the elongated stem as in the basal portion. In the roots, the effect of growth stage on distribution of 14C-glyphosate was reversed, application at the rosette stage resulted in a four-fold increase in the amount of 14C-glyphosate in the root. When applied in the rosette stage, 19.1% of the 14C-glyphosate detected was in the root compared to only 4.9% when applied at the bud stage. Although the root of the rosette plants was larger than in bud-stage plants, the concentration of 14C-glyphosate in the root tissue of the rosette plants was three times greater. Photoperiod indirectly affected the distribution of 14C-glyphosate in Canada thistle by its effect on growth.
Computer-Printed Weed-Control Research Reports
- Garry G. Bowes, James H. Hunter, Marvin Kaplansky
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 30 / Issue 2 / March 1982
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 182-186
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A computer-based data collection system is described. It captures all the qualitative and quantitative data necessary to print an abstract from a weed-control experiment. The output is in the form of a research report that contains many abstracts. Users of the system are weed workers in western Canada who wish to contribute to the annual edition of the Research Report of the Expert Committee on Weeds (Western Canada). Each year, users fill out a set of forms and send them to a central location where the data are entered into a computer. In 1976, 60% of the research report was successfully computer-printed. The computer system captured a higher percentage of weed-control information than was present in the old system with narrative reports. A survey of weed workers indicated that the type of information entered in the report was satisfactory.
Control of Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) with Glyphosate Applied at the Bud vs Rosette Stage
- James H. Hunter
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 44 / Issue 4 / December 1996
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 934-938
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The interaction of cultivation and photoperiod on the initiation of Canada thistle rosettes, and the effect of growth stage on control of Canada thistle with glyphosate were determined in a series of field experiments. Under the natural photoperiod occurring in the southern Canadian Prairies, rosettes of Canada thistle were initiated by cultivation to remove the shoot growth during the last week of July. Regrowth remained as rosettes without any stem elongation and formed dense clusters of leaves. Application at the “August rosette stage” improved the effectiveness of the glyphosate treatment and resulted in consistent control of Canada thistle with less than half as much herbicide as recommended for control when applied at the bud-stage. The number of shoots of Canada thistle on plots treated with glyphosate was less than on the intensively summer-fallowed check plot. Check plots received 5 cultivations during the summer-fallow season. One year after application of glyphosate at the rosette stage, the reduction in shoot density was 99% compared to the summer-fallowed check. By year three, without glyphosate applications in years two and three, the benefits of applying glyphosate at the rosette stage rather than the bud-stage were very evident. When applied at the bud-stage the shoot density on plots treated with glyphosate at 2.25 kg ha−1 was 24 m−2 compared to only 10 shoots m−2 when applied at the rosette stage, (35% vs 72% control). Glyphosate at 0.9 kg ha−1 or less than half of the rate recommended for application at the bud-stage, applied to Canada thistle in the rosette stage, resulted in consistently fewer shoots 2 and 3 yr after treatment. Physical removal of shoot top growth, simulating an in-crop herbicide treatment, improved the consistency of control. Two years after application of 0.9 kg ha−1 of glyphosate at the rosette stage, the control of Canada thistle was 98% compared to the summer-fallowed checks.
Factors Affecting Translocation of 2,4-D in Leafy Spurge
- James H. Hunter, G. I. McIntyre
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 22 / Issue 2 / March 1974
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 167-171
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The translocation of foliar-applied 14C-labelled 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] in seedlings of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) was investigated. Approximately 90% of the tracer was extracted from the tissues with 80% ethanol. Seven days after treatment 48% of the 14C in the shoot extract and 75% of that extracted from the root were identified chromatographically as 2,4-D. Translocation out of the treated leaves and into the shoot, root, and root buds was significantly increased both by decapitation of the shoot and by increasing the nitrogen supply. This effect is attributed to the marked promotion of bud growth produced by both of these treatments.
Environment and Herbicide Effects on Canada Thistle Ecotypes
- James H. Hunter, Leon W. Smith
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 20 / Issue 2 / March 1972
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 163-167
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Root sections of seven Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) ecotypes were grown under 8, 12, 14, and 16-hr photoperiods at 16, 21, and 27 C. Flowering occurred in all ecotypes under a 16-hr photoperiod. At the 14-hr photoperiod five ecotypes flowered; flowering in three of them was temperature-dependent. Shoot and root development and plant height varied with ecotype. Both the root-to-shoot ratios and the number of shoot buds formed on the roots were inversely related to temperature and length of photoperiod. Herbicides tested for their effects on Canada thistle were 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba), and (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D). Control of top growth increased with increasing temperature. Similarly, root control was maximum at 27 C, at which temperature there were few fleshy roots. Picloram, unlike 2,4-D and dicamba, caused little leaf damage but completely destroyed the root system.
Contributor affiliations
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- By Frank Andrasik, Melissa R. Andrews, Ana Inés Ansaldo, Evangelos G. Antzoulatos, Lianhua Bai, Ellen Barrett, Linamara Battistella, Nicolas Bayle, Michael S. Beattie, Peter J. Beek, Serafin Beer, Heinrich Binder, Claire Bindschaedler, Sarah Blanton, Tasia Bobish, Michael L. Boninger, Joseph F. Bonner, Chadwick B. Boulay, Vanessa S. Boyce, Anna-Katharine Brem, Jacqueline C. Bresnahan, Floor E. Buma, Mary Bartlett Bunge, John H. Byrne, Jeffrey R. Capadona, Stefano F. Cappa, Diana D. Cardenas, Leeanne M. Carey, S. Thomas Carmichael, Glauco A. P. Caurin, Pablo Celnik, Kimberly M. Christian, Stephanie Clarke, Leonardo G. Cohen, Adriana B. Conforto, Rory A. Cooper, Rosemarie Cooper, Steven C. Cramer, Armin Curt, Mark D’Esposito, Matthew B. Dalva, Gavriel David, Brandon Delia, Wenbin Deng, Volker Dietz, Bruce H. Dobkin, Marco Domeniconi, Edith Durand, Tracey Vause Earland, Georg Ebersbach, Jonathan J. Evans, James W. Fawcett, Uri Feintuch, Toby A. Ferguson, Marie T. Filbin, Diasinou Fioravante, Itzhak Fischer, Agnes Floel, Herta Flor, Karim Fouad, Richard S. J. Frackowiak, Peter H. Gorman, Thomas W. Gould, Jean-Michel Gracies, Amparo Gutierrez, Kurt Haas, C.D. Hall, Hans-Peter Hartung, Zhigang He, Jordan Hecker, Susan J. Herdman, Seth Herman, Leigh R. Hochberg, Ahmet Höke, Fay B. Horak, Jared C. Horvath, Richard L. Huganir, Friedhelm C. Hummel, Beata Jarosiewicz, Frances E. Jensen, Michael Jöbges, Larry M. Jordan, Jon H. Kaas, Andres M. Kanner, Noomi Katz, Matthew S. Kayser, Annmarie Kelleher, Gerd Kempermann, Timothy E. Kennedy, Jürg Kesselring, Fary Khan, Rachel Kizony, Jeffery D. Kocsis, Boudewijn J. Kollen, Hubertus Köller, John W. Krakauer, Hermano I. Krebs, Gert Kwakkel, Bradley Lang, Catherine E. Lang, Helmar C. Lehmann, Angelo C. Lepore, Glenn S. Le Prell, Mindy F. Levin, Joel M. Levine, David A. Low, Marilyn MacKay-Lyons, Jeffrey D. Macklis, Margaret Mak, Francine Malouin, William C. Mann, Paul D. Marasco, Christopher J. Mathias, Laura McClure, Jan Mehrholz, Lorne M. Mendell, Robert H. Miller, Carol Milligan, Beth Mineo, Simon W. Moore, Jennifer Morgan, Charbel E-H. Moussa, Martin Munz, Randolph J. Nudo, Joseph J. Pancrazio, Theresa Pape, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Kristin M. Pearson-Fuhrhop, P. Hunter Peckham, Tamara L. Pelleshi, Catherine Verrier Piersol, Thomas Platz, Marcus Pohl, Dejan B. Popović, Andrew M. Poulos, Maulik Purohit, Hui-Xin Qi, Debbie Rand, Mahendra S. Rao, Josef P. Rauschecker, Aimee Reiss, Carol L. Richards, Keith M. Robinson, Melvyn Roerdink, John C. Rosenbek, Serge Rossignol, Edward S. Ruthazer, Arash Sahraie, Krishnankutty Sathian, Marc H. Schieber, Brian J. Schmidt, Michael E. Selzer, Mijail D. Serruya, Himanshu Sharma, Michael Shifman, Jerry Silver, Thomas Sinkjær, George M. Smith, Young-Jin Son, Tim Spencer, John D. Steeves, Oswald Steward, Sheela Stuart, Austin J. Sumner, Chin Lik Tan, Robert W. Teasell, Gareth Thomas, Aiko K. Thompson, Richard F. Thompson, Wesley J. Thompson, Erika Timar, Ceri T. Trevethan, Christopher Trimby, Gary R. Turner, Mark H. Tuszynski, Erna A. van Niekerk, Ricardo Viana, Difei Wang, Anthony B. Ward, Nick S. Ward, Stephen G. Waxman, Patrice L. Weiss, Jörg Wissel, Steven L. Wolf, Jonathan R. Wolpaw, Sharon Wood-Dauphinee, Ross D. Zafonte, Binhai Zheng, Richard D. Zorowitz
- Edited by Michael Selzer, Stephanie Clarke, Leonardo Cohen, Gert Kwakkel, Robert Miller, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio
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- Book:
- Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation
- Published online:
- 05 May 2014
- Print publication:
- 24 April 2014, pp ix-xvi
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Contributor affiliations
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- By Frank Andrasik, Melissa R. Andrews, Ana Inés Ansaldo, Evangelos G. Antzoulatos, Lianhua Bai, Ellen Barrett, Linamara Battistella, Nicolas Bayle, Michael S. Beattie, Peter J. Beek, Serafin Beer, Heinrich Binder, Claire Bindschaedler, Sarah Blanton, Tasia Bobish, Michael L. Boninger, Joseph F. Bonner, Chadwick B. Boulay, Vanessa S. Boyce, Anna-Katharine Brem, Jacqueline C. Bresnahan, Floor E. Buma, Mary Bartlett Bunge, John H. Byrne, Jeffrey R. Capadona, Stefano F. Cappa, Diana D. Cardenas, Leeanne M. Carey, S. Thomas Carmichael, Glauco A. P. Caurin, Pablo Celnik, Kimberly M. Christian, Stephanie Clarke, Leonardo G. Cohen, Adriana B. Conforto, Rory A. Cooper, Rosemarie Cooper, Steven C. Cramer, Armin Curt, Mark D’Esposito, Matthew B. Dalva, Gavriel David, Brandon Delia, Wenbin Deng, Volker Dietz, Bruce H. Dobkin, Marco Domeniconi, Edith Durand, Tracey Vause Earland, Georg Ebersbach, Jonathan J. Evans, James W. Fawcett, Uri Feintuch, Toby A. Ferguson, Marie T. Filbin, Diasinou Fioravante, Itzhak Fischer, Agnes Floel, Herta Flor, Karim Fouad, Richard S. J. Frackowiak, Peter H. Gorman, Thomas W. Gould, Jean-Michel Gracies, Amparo Gutierrez, Kurt Haas, C.D. Hall, Hans-Peter Hartung, Zhigang He, Jordan Hecker, Susan J. Herdman, Seth Herman, Leigh R. Hochberg, Ahmet Höke, Fay B. Horak, Jared C. Horvath, Richard L. Huganir, Friedhelm C. Hummel, Beata Jarosiewicz, Frances E. Jensen, Michael Jöbges, Larry M. Jordan, Jon H. Kaas, Andres M. Kanner, Noomi Katz, Matthew S. Kayser, Annmarie Kelleher, Gerd Kempermann, Timothy E. Kennedy, Jürg Kesselring, Fary Khan, Rachel Kizony, Jeffery D. Kocsis, Boudewijn J. Kollen, Hubertus Köller, John W. Krakauer, Hermano I. Krebs, Gert Kwakkel, Bradley Lang, Catherine E. Lang, Helmar C. Lehmann, Angelo C. Lepore, Glenn S. Le Prell, Mindy F. Levin, Joel M. Levine, David A. Low, Marilyn MacKay-Lyons, Jeffrey D. Macklis, Margaret Mak, Francine Malouin, William C. Mann, Paul D. Marasco, Christopher J. Mathias, Laura McClure, Jan Mehrholz, Lorne M. Mendell, Robert H. Miller, Carol Milligan, Beth Mineo, Simon W. Moore, Jennifer Morgan, Charbel E-H. Moussa, Martin Munz, Randolph J. Nudo, Joseph J. Pancrazio, Theresa Pape, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Kristin M. Pearson-Fuhrhop, P. Hunter Peckham, Tamara L. Pelleshi, Catherine Verrier Piersol, Thomas Platz, Marcus Pohl, Dejan B. Popović, Andrew M. Poulos, Maulik Purohit, Hui-Xin Qi, Debbie Rand, Mahendra S. Rao, Josef P. Rauschecker, Aimee Reiss, Carol L. Richards, Keith M. Robinson, Melvyn Roerdink, John C. Rosenbek, Serge Rossignol, Edward S. Ruthazer, Arash Sahraie, Krishnankutty Sathian, Marc H. Schieber, Brian J. Schmidt, Michael E. Selzer, Mijail D. Serruya, Himanshu Sharma, Michael Shifman, Jerry Silver, Thomas Sinkjær, George M. Smith, Young-Jin Son, Tim Spencer, John D. Steeves, Oswald Steward, Sheela Stuart, Austin J. Sumner, Chin Lik Tan, Robert W. Teasell, Gareth Thomas, Aiko K. Thompson, Richard F. Thompson, Wesley J. Thompson, Erika Timar, Ceri T. Trevethan, Christopher Trimby, Gary R. Turner, Mark H. Tuszynski, Erna A. van Niekerk, Ricardo Viana, Difei Wang, Anthony B. Ward, Nick S. Ward, Stephen G. Waxman, Patrice L. Weiss, Jörg Wissel, Steven L. Wolf, Jonathan R. Wolpaw, Sharon Wood-Dauphinee, Ross D. Zafonte, Binhai Zheng, Richard D. Zorowitz
- Edited by Michael E. Selzer, Stephanie Clarke, Leonardo G. Cohen, Gert Kwakkel, Robert H. Miller, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio
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- Book:
- Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation
- Published online:
- 05 June 2014
- Print publication:
- 24 April 2014, pp ix-xvi
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Looking Backward, Looking Forward: MLA Members Speak
- April Alliston, Elizabeth Ammons, Jean Arnold, Nina Baym, Sandra L. Beckett, Peter G. Beidler, Roger A. Berger, Sandra Bermann, J.J. Wilson, Troy Boone, Alison Booth, Wayne C. Booth, James Phelan, Marie Borroff, Ihab Hassan, Ulrich Weisstein, Zack Bowen, Jill Campbell, Dan Campion, Jay Caplan, Maurice Charney, Beverly Lyon Clark, Robert A. Colby, Thomas C. Coleman III, Nicole Cooley, Richard Dellamora, Morris Dickstein, Terrell Dixon, Emory Elliott, Caryl Emerson, Ann W. Engar, Lars Engle, Kai Hammermeister, N. N. Feltes, Mary Anne Ferguson, Annie Finch, Shelley Fisher Fishkin, Jerry Aline Flieger, Norman Friedman, Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, Sandra M. Gilbert, Laurie Grobman, George Guida, Liselotte Gumpel, R. K. Gupta, Florence Howe, Cathy L. Jrade, Richard A. Kaye, Calhoun Winton, Murray Krieger, Robert Langbaum, Richard A. Lanham, Marilee Lindemann, Paul Michael Lützeler, Thomas J. Lynn, Juliet Flower MacCannell, Michelle A. Massé, Irving Massey, Georges May, Christian W. Hallstein, Gita May, Lucy McDiarmid, Ellen Messer-Davidow, Koritha Mitchell, Robin Smiles, Kenyatta Albeny, George Monteiro, Joel Myerson, Alan Nadel, Ashton Nichols, Jeffrey Nishimura, Neal Oxenhandler, David Palumbo-Liu, Vincent P. Pecora, David Porter, Nancy Potter, Ronald C. Rosbottom, Elias L. Rivers, Gerhard F. Strasser, J. L. Styan, Marianna De Marco Torgovnick, Gary Totten, David van Leer, Asha Varadharajan, Orrin N. C. Wang, Sharon Willis, Louise E. Wright, Donald A. Yates, Takayuki Yokota-Murakami, Richard E. Zeikowitz, Angelika Bammer, Dale Bauer, Karl Beckson, Betsy A. Bowen, Stacey Donohue, Sheila Emerson, Gwendolyn Audrey Foster, Jay L. Halio, Karl Kroeber, Terence Hawkes, William B. Hunter, Mary Jambus, Willard F. King, Nancy K. Miller, Jody Norton, Ann Pellegrini, S. P. Rosenbaum, Lorie Roth, Robert Scholes, Joanne Shattock, Rosemary T. VanArsdel, Alfred Bendixen, Alarma Kathleen Brown, Michael J. Kiskis, Debra A. Castillo, Rey Chow, John F. Crossen, Robert F. Fleissner, Regenia Gagnier, Nicholas Howe, M. Thomas Inge, Frank Mehring, Hyungji Park, Jahan Ramazani, Kenneth M. Roemer, Deborah D. Rogers, A. LaVonne Brown Ruoff, Regina M. Schwartz, John T. Shawcross, Brenda R. Silver, Andrew von Hendy, Virginia Wright Wexman, Britta Zangen, A. Owen Aldridge, Paula R. Backscheider, Roland Bartel, E. M. Forster, Milton Birnbaum, Jonathan Bishop, Crystal Downing, Frank H. Ellis, Roberto Forns-Broggi, James R. Giles, Mary E. Giles, Susan Blair Green, Madelyn Gutwirth, Constance B. Hieatt, Titi Adepitan, Edgar C. Knowlton, Jr., Emanuel Mussman, Sally Todd Nelson, Robert O. Preyer, David Diego Rodriguez, Guy Stern, James Thorpe, Robert J. Wilson, Rebecca S. Beal, Joyce Simutis, Betsy Bowden, Sara Cooper, Wheeler Winston Dixon, Tarek el Ariss, Richard Jewell, John W. Kronik, Wendy Martin, Stuart Y. McDougal, Hugo Méndez-Ramírez, Ivy Schweitzer, Armand E. Singer, G. Thomas Tanselle, Tom Bishop, Mary Ann Caws, Marcel Gutwirth, Christophe Ippolito, Lawrence D. Kritzman, James Longenbach, Tim McCracken, Wolfe S. Molitor, Diane Quantic, Gregory Rabassa, Ellen M. Tsagaris, Anthony C. Yu, Betty Jean Craige, Wendell V. Harris, J. Hillis Miller, Jesse G. Swan, Helene Zimmer-Loew, Peter Berek, James Chandler, Hanna K. Charney, Philip Cohen, Judith Fetterley, Herbert Lindenberger, Julia Reinhard Lupton, Maximillian E. Novak, Richard Ohmann, Marjorie Perloff, Mark Reynolds, James Sledd, Harriet Turner, Marie Umeh, Flavia Aloya, Regina Barreca, Konrad Bieber, Ellis Hanson, William J. Hyde, Holly A. Laird, David Leverenz, Allen Michie, J. Wesley Miller, Marvin Rosenberg, Daniel R. Schwarz, Elizabeth Welt Trahan, Jean Fagan Yellin
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- Journal:
- PMLA / Publications of the Modern Language Association of America / Volume 115 / Issue 7 / December 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 October 2020, pp. 1986-2078
- Print publication:
- December 2000
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Counterrotating Bars
- Chad L. Davies, James H. Hunter, Jr.
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- Journal:
- International Astronomical Union Colloquium / Volume 157 / 1996
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 April 2016, pp. 461-463
- Print publication:
- 1996
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By including counterrotating angular momentum in two-dimensional galactic disk simulations, we are able to create counterrotating bar modes. Over the period of several dynamical times, the counterrotating inner bar is shown to reverse its pattern direction, oscillate around the primary bar and finally align with it.